TOC Standards for Sustainably Managing Refractory Organic Matter in Swine Wastewater Effluent
نویسندگان
چکیده
Swine wastewater effluent is a key source of water contamination since it contains high levels nutrients, including nitrogen and phosphorus, as well nitrates refractory organic matter (ROM). ROM refers to compounds that are usually resistant microbial degradation. When swine containing subsequently discharged into rivers streams without being adequately treated, purification costs for drinking increase there remains possibility harmful substances enter the human body. In this study, we introduce new methods setting total carbon (TOC) quality standards discharging after treatment. To set TOC standards, various analysis based on statistics, technology, experience operational data livestock-manure treatment facilities were applied. addition, achievability proposed in financial burden their implementation livestock farms also reviewed. Here, tentative values include all our results derived from each methodology can be achieved through normal operation swine-wastewater (60 mg/L public 140 operated by individual farms). both single combined methodologies should considered employed comprehensively assessing management policies, regional conditions, stakeholders.
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ژورنال
عنوان ژورنال: Sustainability
سال: 2022
ISSN: ['2071-1050']
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/su141610092